Ві́льям Шекспі́р[(англ. William Shakespeare /ˈʃeɪkspɪə/ точна дата народження невідома, хрещений 26 квітня 1564, Стретфорд-на-Ейвоні — 23 квітня (3 травня) 1616, Стретфорд-на-Ейвоні) — англійський драматург Єлизаветинської епохи, актор і поет. Один з найвідоміших драматургів світу, автор принаймні 17 комедій, 10 хронік, 11 трагедій, 5 поем і циклу зі 154 сонетів. Шекспір визнаний найвидатнішим англійським драматургом всіх часів. Його вважають національним героєм та одним з символів Англії, її національним поетом. Його твори перекладені багатьма мовами світу і з'являються на театральній сцені частіше, ніж п'єси будь-якого іншого драматурга, який коли-небудь жив і творив.
William Shakespeare (/ˈʃeɪkspɪər/; 26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.He is often called England's national poet, and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
William Shakespeare (/ˈʃeɪkspɪər/; 26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.He is often called England's national poet, and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, at age 49, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, which has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories, which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language.[2] In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, however, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two friends and fellow actors of Shakespeare, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's. It was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as "not of an age, but for all time".
In the 20th and 21st centuries, his works have been repeatedly adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular and are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.
Джордж-Но́ел-Го́рдон Ба́йрон, шостий барон Байрон (англ. George Noel Gordon Byron; 22 січня 1788, Лондон — 19 квітня 1824, Месолонгіон, Греція) — англійський поет, який став символом романтизму і політичного лібералізму в Європі XIX століття. Поряд з Персі Біші Шеллі і Джоном Кітсом представляє молодше покоління британських романтиків. Його alter ego — Чайльд-Гарольд став прототипом незліченних байронічних героїв в літературі різних країн Європи. Мода на байронізм тривала і після смерті Байрона, навіть незважаючи на те, що до кінця життя в віршованому романі «Дон Жуан» і жартівливій поемі «Беппо» сам Байрон перейшов до сатиричного реалізму з опорою на спадщину Александера Поупа. Учасник Грецької революції.
Джордж-Но́ел-Го́рдон Ба́йрон, шостий барон Байрон (англ. George Noel Gordon Byron; 22 січня 1788, Лондон — 19 квітня 1824, Месолонгіон, Греція) — англійський поет, який став символом романтизму і політичного лібералізму в Європі XIX століття. Поряд з Персі Біші Шеллі і Джоном Кітсом представляє молодше покоління британських романтиків. Його alter ego — Чайльд-Гарольд став прототипом незліченних байронічних героїв в літературі різних країн Європи. Мода на байронізм тривала і після смерті Байрона, навіть незважаючи на те, що до кінця життя в віршованому романі «Дон Жуан» і жартівливій поемі «Беппо» сам Байрон перейшов до сатиричного реалізму з опорою на спадщину Александера Поупа. Учасник Грецької революції.
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, FRS (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), commonly known as Lord Byron, was an English poet, peer, politician, and a leading figure in the Romantic movement. He is regarded as one of the greatest British poets[1] and remains widely read and influential. Among his best-known works are the lengthy narrative poems, Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, and the short lyric poem, "She Walks in Beauty".
He travelled extensively across Europe, especially in Italy, where he lived for seven years in Venice, Ravenna and Pisa, where he had a chance to frequent his friend the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.Later in his brief life, Byron joined the Greek War of Independence fighting the Ottoman Empire, for which Greeks revere him as a national hero.[3] He died in 1824 at the age of 36, from a fever contracted while in Missolonghi.
Often described as the most flamboyant and notorious of the major Romantics, Byron was both celebrated and castigated in life for his aristocratic excesses, including huge debts, numerous love affairs – with men as well as women, as well as rumours of a scandalous liaison with his half-sister – and self-imposed exile.[4] His only legitimate child, Ada Lovelace, is regarded by some as the first and best computer programmer based on her notes for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine.[5][6][7] His illegitimate children include Allegra Byron, who died in childhood, and possibly, Elizabeth Medora Leigh.
